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China Space Expo vehicles equipped with power battery

Reporter on the 24th from the Shanghai Aerospace Power Technology Co., Ltd. Fujitsu Laptop Battery was informed by the company's commitment to the development of the Shanghai World Expo VIP automotive power lithium-ion battery and Expo will be demonstrated on the fast charging electric vehicle batteries project has now been carried out loading sports verification, will be put into use at the Shanghai World Expo.

Meanwhile, the Shanghai Aerospace Power Technology Co., Ltd. An annual output of 15 million (for 10000 assembly of a platform when an electric car) lithium-ion battery Toshiba pa3399u-1brs battery production line are debugging, and is expected in June this year, mass production capability.

According to reports, in February 2009, the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology affiliated Shanghai Institute of Space Power establishment of the Shanghai Aerospace Power Technology Co., Ltd., specializing in vehicle power lithium-ion battery and power management system development and production, in April that the absorption of high-tech industrialization key projects in Shanghai, Fujitsu FPCBP77 Battery "the new energy vehicle power lithium-ion battery project", was officially launched vehicle lithium-ion battery industrialization. That year in July, the Shanghai Aerospace Power Technology Co., Ltd. signed the first phase of four shareholders of 90 million yuan investment agreements to work together to build internationally competitive, from the raw materials, batteries, battery management system to the battery of the new energy vehicle equipped with power lithium-ion battery industry chain, to form the key components of China's new energy vehicles own industrial system.

In accordance with the development plan, the Shanghai Aerospace Power Technology Co., Ltd. to 2012 years ago, the registered capital of 4.5 billion yuan,Fujitsu FPCBP68 Battery total investment of 700 million yuan and above, forming an annual output of 100 million when the vehicle power lithium-ion battery production capacity; to " Shier Wu, "end with a total investment of 45 billion yuan to build international advanced new energy vehicles and power lithium battery industry chain and the formation of one million vehicle battery power system-level matching capacity.  TOSHIBA PABAS076 Battery  

BaseBuild Battery From the current situation, widespread decline in battery capacity too fast, short-life issues, just 1 to 2 years battery capacity of only a nominal capacity of 30% to 40%, some only 10% to 20% , and most of the base station battery after a 4 years running, Hp laptop battery its capacity is only 50% of its nominal capacity of about fall far short of its design life, and ExchangeBureau stations compared to similar batteries, their life is also greatly reduced. In this paper, the base station Damage to the battery during the operation carried out an analysis of the reasons put forward to extend the battery life of the base station approach.

 

    First, the definition of battery life

Battery life generally refers to floating state of life. For the non-floating mode of operation of the battery, its life cycle of discharge from the number and depth of discharge measured in two dimensions, as shown in Table 1. It is not simply in order to be able to use for many years to measure battery life.

For the number of battery discharge cycles, the battery must be sufficient after discharge electricity, enough power to at least 24 hours charging time (based on YD/T799-2002 requirements). For the charge is insufficient, its difficult to determine the number of discharge cycles, will certainly be lower than the data described in Table 1.

Depth of discharge of the battery life impact is very large, the deeper the depth of battery discharge, the fewer the number of recycling, as shown in Table 1, and therefore should avoid the use of depth of discharge.PA3166U-1BRS battery  PA3176U-1BAS battery 

    Second, battery end of life factors

For valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, there are four kinds of failure modes: positive plate corrosion,HP 398876-001 Battery, water loss, thermal runaway, sulfate. One positive grid corrosion due to alloy Improvement in the corrosion rate is very slow, generally 10 to 15 years.

Water loss are more ways: throttle design unreasonable, frequently open; the power of the batteries are rechargeable frequently; the ambient temperature is too high. Which is the most important factor in high-temperature, high temperature will accelerate the pace of battery water loss, leading to decreased battery capacity. With 25 ℃ as the benchmark, when the battery operating environment up 10 ℃, life expectancy reduced by 50%, as shown in Figure 1.

 

As a professional engaged in spacecraft, aircraft, launch vehicles and other special equipment, power supply system development, production and research institutions, Shanghai Institute of Space Power started in 1998, space for lithium-ion battery Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}  PA3107U-1BAS battery  PA3107U-1BRS battery   and power management system development in 2005, starts car with power lithium-ion battery and power management technology development, in 2008 was also the first time lithium-ion battery and power management system successfully applied to the "Shenzhou" on the 7th companion task. At present, the Institute in cooperation with relevant universities and companies have together to build a Chinese high-power lithium-ion battery system development platform

lithium batteries power the concept of security and life

2.1 The root causes of insecurity in the battery

When the battery is a part of the deviation occurs, such as when the internal short circuit, high-current discharge and over-charging, it will generate a lot of heat, causing the battery to the system temperature increases. When the battery system and reach a higher temperature, Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Toshiba PA3084U-1BRS battery  Toshiba PA3098U battery   will lead to a series of side-effects, so that the battery produces heat damage, due to battery flammable liquid electrolyte, so the worst case, the battery would catch fire [1].

In the case of the non-normal use (such as overcharge), lithium-ion battery anode is likely to surface, the electron, as a lithium metal precipitation, and gradually gathered into a lithium dendrite punctured diaphragm, connectivity is negative, causing the battery internal micro-short. Lithium-ion batteries used in high compression, high-boiling point organic electrolyte. In the short-circuit, over-charging, high temperature and other non-normal use conditions, the lithium-ion battery internal temperature will rise, the electrolyte may be broken down into a lot of gas will be generated within the sealed housing relatively large pressure. Once this pressure large enough to break through the battery case, rupture occurs, and even lead to burning or explosion [2]

In China, car battery replacement after the recovery of more forgotten corners. A repair shop in the 4S said: "The car battery can be recycled. 4S store in the user's car battery replacement, the unified collection of specialized batteries sold to recycling companies, one can sell a hundred million." Regret is that the owner was told that each time only for a new battery, do not know the replacement of the old batteries can be recycled.

And domestic users of automotive batteries automotive knowledge and understanding of diametrically opposed, in Europe and the United States and other auto power, auto batteries already been placed in the supermarket shelves, and oil, tires, like the three cars side by side to become vulnerable one piece. A fire or a car suddenly broke down there Dabu Zhao circumstances, the owner will be obvious to determine where the problem lies immediately removed. In these countries, can often see such chic scene: the car owners driving a car to the supermarket shopping, by the way forget to buy a battery, to return home to open car cover, replace the battery themselves. This is abroad, is not something new in. In the United States, there are four or more into the hands of the owners to replace their batteries.

"Owner should cultivate a good sense of the car battery consumption, in order to protect their own rights." An appeal to the industry.HP EV087AA Battery, He said: "the current situation, China's auto battery market, has just started, most owners do not realize that automotive batteries are not only start the car directly to the energy, but also for the growing automotive electrical current to provide a balanced guarantee. Leading to frequent car broke down halfway there the embarrassment caused to the owners a lot of unnecessary trouble. Therefore, we owners should be aware of the importance of automotive batteries. "PA3107U-1BAS battery  PA3107U-1BRS battery  

Pleased to see that some well-known domestic companies have started to focus on automotive batteries to guide China's auto battery consumption, and thus lead China's automotive battery industry. As the world's top 200 companies, has the world's automotive battery market share nearly 35% of the industry leader, Johnson Controls has already begun such actions. "We hope that through our efforts to help China's auto users to have a correct knowledge of the car batteries and consumer outlook." Johnson Controls Power Program (battery) of China, Mr. Huang, director of sales and marketing, said in an interview,HP Pavilion dv9000 Battery(hp dv9000 battery), HP EV087AA Battery, HP EX942AA Battery "We understand the owners the case of a sudden Dabu Zhao Jiao set fire flawless mentality, so we hope that through the efforts of Johnson Controls for China to bring a healthy and positive life vehicles as far as possible to avoid the occurrence of the above. "

It is understood that, in order to effectively guide the consumer to promote industrial development, Shanghai, Johnson Controls has established a nationwide 20 Valta flagship store / image of the shop, and will be established throughout the country next year in 200 outlets. HP EX942AA Battery "We hope that in this way is so that people could feel that VARTA service and care, understanding and knowledge of our consumer culture advocated by the car battery." So, said Mr. Huang Zhiyong.

 

High-power charging and discharging of the large-capacity lithium-powered batteries, in the harsh conditions of the use of a portion of the battery easier to induce deviations occur, giving rise to security issues.

2.2 Battery Management System (BMS) the important role of

Li-ion power batteries ideal for high performance, consistency, as long as the use of the process of filling, however, although put, there is no security issue,IBM 92P1060 Battery but the reality is that the quality of mobile phone battery factory in full compliance with standards, but in use there is an explosion incidents, notebook computer battery pack are also continuing fire, explosions, and product recalls reported. From the resulting life of the battery until the end of recovery, there are security issues, even in the factory in full compliance with international safety standards, in the course of evolution from the safe state to a state of insecurity and good quality single cell performance to achieve the life of a gradual decline limit , the poor quality of the single cell, in the course of its performance will start to appear and a variety of abnormal deterioration recession, worried about the insecurity of the state to enter. This is a gradual process of cumulative change. Battery management system is that unlike some battery manufacturers as a luxury but a must have, but also applied consistently throughout the battery pack. Battery management system at home and abroad have been many studies and start applications in many areas have been able to meet the needs of some markets, lithium power battery applications for battery management system put forward higher requirements to ensure the safe use of battery power, lithium power battery management system for the primary task.

3 Battery Management System

A typical battery charge PA3166U-1BRS battery  PA3176U-1BAS battery balance management system, its methods of work is to connect a good series battery charging at the same time, testing each single battery in the battery terminal voltage, when a single battery terminal voltage is high, The single cells in parallel with the balance of the circuit to the battery charge diversion, reduce the single battery charge speed and terminal voltage rise rate, so that the single battery terminal voltage tends to a balanced line, thereby to avoid the series battery each single battery charge and discharge characteristics of the differences affect the battery life. As the shunt charging the battery in parallel with the monomer part of the charging energy consumption of a balanced circuit, a balanced circuit fever, a balanced circuit balanced ability to be limited. For large-capacity, high-power battery, high current charge, the balance of the balance of the circuit capacity can not meet the actual needs.

According to authoritative statistics, as the pace car to enter the family continues to accelerate, Hp laptop battery as at the end of 2006, China's various types of privately owned vehicles for the first time more than 20 million, China has become the world's second largest after the U.S. automotive market. The industry believes that China's auto market has great potential, especially the private car consumption, in the next 20 years will continue rapid growth. However, especially in the automotive after-market automobile electrical storage Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} acer laptop battery dell laptop battery
Pool market, China and the United States, Japan and other foreign markets, compared to far worse, premature battery consumption, the whole concept of hindered development of the industry.
In this regard a survey data can illustrate the problem.

 

"Do you know the need for regular replacement of batteries it?", "Do you know your car battery to support the effectiveness of it?", "Do you know use environmentally-friendly and highly efficient battery product?" When asked about this series of problems, be able to answer up the car users are not many. Recently, a battery for the consumer knowledge about the extent of the survey results show that the owners of the investigation, the right car battery maintenance, repair knowledge, and develop a better understanding of the concept of active consumption, the owner of only about 17%. The car battery use, maintenance and maintenance of a lack of knowledge to create a typical "Chinese car users", an absolute majority of the owners do not understand the importance of automotive batteries for the vehicle, usually a good little concerned about the battery knowledge, the maintenance of batteries and maintenance is non-existent.

Power lithium batteries and Life Safety Study

Abstract: This paper first published Beijing crossbar and electronic technology limited liability company into Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Toshiba A100 Battery  Toshiba Satellite A105 battery  a group of security and life of lithium battery power the latest progress in studies on the impact of the battery safety factors were analyzed, and the battery of possible security issues early warning, and through the process of charging on low-voltage single rechargeable batteries make up a balanced flow, improve battery life of the technical methods.
Keywords: lithium power batteries; power system; BMS

1 Introduction

Current power lithium battery power supply system development The main question is: power battery into a group of security and life after the significant decline, and even frequent battery fire, explosions and other serious accidents. Laptop Battery The main reason contributing to this problem is the power lithium battery group technology, group study of applied technology and equipment, lagging; to achieve power lithium battery system integration, to provide users with power lithium battery system integration technology and products to solve the current problem and promote the development of lithium battery power important subject.

At present, the single power lithium battery has been basically have the popularization and application of conditions, but the existing group technology, group applied technology and equipment levels are not yet ripe. In other words, single power lithium battery basically solved the safety and life issues, and promote the development of lithium battery power, the key is the battery technology, group technology and BMS. Toshiba A70 battery  PA3062U-1BAT battery  

Determine the quality of single cells into a group of post-power battery quality. In the power battery applications, the single cell performance consistency is especially important, given the present level of single cell manufacturing process control, through the battery produced in accordance with its actual performance to filter, group, assembly is a realistic way. At present, the application of industrial production screening, grouping method is based on the battery post into a few static parameters, with the battery group, with set of parameters that control standard determines the distribution group completed the battery when the battery status of each single line sex. In the battery pack in use, the battery group differences in each single state of the battery will gradually appearing. IBM ThinkPad R51 Battery Battery Management System (BMS) of the battery pack using process management, battery status of each single cell to adjust to a certain extent, you can maintain the battery status of each single cell consistency to avoid differences in the battery status of caused by the accelerated deterioration of battery performance. The development needs of battery-powered lithium battery raising the level of production process control, scientific group of the battery selection and distribution methods and effective battery management system and jointly promote.

 

In a private vehicle owners more than a random interviews, many have had problems because the car battery out of the anchor halfway experience. The owners for the understanding of automotive batteries still in the cortex, only know that car battery is used to start the car. Almost all of the owners Toshiba Satellite P30 battery interviewed asked, "After the car breaks down it aware of why, how to deal with", the answer surprisingly similar: "It might be a problem with battery or asphalt, usually called the 4S shop to trailers and to do repairs. "What are the reasons for the specific battery is a problem, almost no one can answer up. For how long the need for battery maintenance issues such as how long it needs to be replaced, they have never considered.

One engaged in auto repair 10 years of industry source said: "As China's car consumption started late, HP Pavilion dv9000 Battery(hp dv9000 battery), HP EV087AA Battery, HP EX942AA Battery but the speed on the market in supporting the post-state is still out of line, so that led to the car users are not aware of batteries for cars the importance of people's general view is that automotive batteries are non-wearing parts, HP Pavilion dv9000 Battery(hp dv9000 battery), generally only when able to be modified. consumers are in a passive consumption of state, very few people to replace yourself, or maintenance of batteries, they have to go 4S shop or repair shop to replace. "He also said:" Even though there is a small number of people concerned about the batteries, but also because of the price and choose a number of low-cost battery brand. "

4 based on the internal resistance measurement and the state of the battery management system more

Studies have shown that, with the battery charge - discharge cycles increases, the battery capacity decline,Laptop Battery the battery's internal resistance increases, the battery internal performance degradation and eventually complete failure of the process is a gradual and cumulative process, inconsistencies in the battery group will speed up battery pack into the state of insecurity. Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Laptop battery Dell Laptop Battery

This paper presents a comparison of the internal resistance measurement and state battery management system, as shown in Figure 1 in order to control the microcontroller core, pre-stored in the memory of all single battery terminal voltage under different resistance values of the initial value and the error allowed the charging process of each single cell in different sections of the terminal voltage of the terminal voltage rise rate and error to allow the value of the cumulative amount of book value of charge, charging voltage, the discharge voltage range, charging cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage, battery temperature range, the charge current value, and charging current error to allow the value of discharge current to protect the value of a balanced start voltage value, the value of parameters such as voltage imbalance. Charging and discharging process of charging and discharging process of testing various parameters in each charging process before the process of charging and charging after the battery pack to measure and record each single battery terminal voltage, IBM 08K8193 Battery terminal voltage rising rate, the charge current , charge volume and battery internal resistance, and with measured and recorded before the charging parameters to compare, analyze the amount of battery charge and the single battery internal resistance, terminal voltage, terminal voltage rising rate of change in volume, to determine the internal battery Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}  TOSHIBA PA3307U-1BRS Battery  TOSHIBA PA3383U-1BRS Battery   performance of the process and extent of the gradual deterioration of battery failure and possible to be an early warning of security problems. The charge and discharge process for the implementation of control for charge and discharge termination voltage protection, temperature protection, overcurrent protection, while the process of charging, through the lower voltage batteries make up the monomer flow balanced approach, so that in series battery terminal voltage of each single cell line, to avoid the status of each single cell battery life difference on impact.

Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries (VRLAB) the electrolyte inside the battery all the adsorbed membrane, there is no free electrolyte, is a typical liquid-depleted battery. VRLAB Since its inception, because of its easy operation and maintenance, release fewer harmful gases,Toshiba Laptop Battery environmental pollution substantially reduced, and by the users. After running the past few years after use has also exposed some problems, mainly in its short life, generally less than 5 years, and its design life of more than 10 years falls far short of the standard requirements. Through more than just the battery failure analysis and testing, to show that many batteries is due to improper use, Toshiba PA3506U-1BRS Battery, Toshiba PA3591U-1BRS Battery, Toshiba Portege 4000 Battery, Toshiba Satellite A10 Series Battery, or use the ambient temperature is too high, excessive water loss caused by the battery too fast, so that the battery can not be a chemical reaction, resulting in early termination of the life of the battery. Dry electrolyte is an important cause of failure VRLAB users in the use with the process, a long period of overcharge, resulting in a large number of water electrolysis to produce gas from the deflated valve lost; same time, because the reasons for the battery housing density, the battery length time at high temperature, dry conditions are also easily lost through the shell of water. Test to prove: the electrolyte in the water more than 15% loss of battery capacity will also be lost more than 15%. Battery capacity below 85%, which marks the termination of battery life. Under normal circumstances, failure can be a pure dry add some moisture supplement, to restore the battery TOSHIBA PA3384U-1BRS Battery  Toshiba PA2487UR batterycapacity. Failure due to dry so that the electrolyte in the water loss is too large, so that increasing the concentration of membrane in the electrolyte, charge-discharge when a larger concentration polarization, so that the battery terminal voltage in a very short period of time to reach the required values.

 

Figure 1 compared with the internal resistance measurement and the state of the battery management system function diagram

The system for 10 20Ah batteries in series tests, using 5A constant current charging, 2A make up a balanced flow of the system make up a balanced flow of effect is very obvious  TOSHIBA PA3465U-1BRS Battery   that no additional heat, but also to facilitate energy-saving control.

Many factors affect the resistance changes, especially for battery internal resistance within the full life-cycle variation of the study, requires a lot of experiments, the experimental program under way, including the power battery discharge in a simulated operating conditions throughout the life of the process of testing.

My battery grade lithium carbonate to achieve major breakthroughs in production technology

From a global perspective, the core of the development of new energy vehicles, one of the motive power battery Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Laptop battery Dell Laptop Battery  and power battery materials, among which lithium iron phosphate power battery cathode materials for the application of the most favored, while the lithium iron phosphate is a key raw material in battery grade lithium carbonate.
At present, the global lithium industry, a high degree of concentration, the main production concentrated in the SQM, FMC and Chemetall three hands of three companies has a breakthrough in lithium brine to mention the advanced technology, has completely shut down their respective ore extracting lithium production line. Brine Lithium technology, a great success and monopoly profits, the three companies accounted for the total global market share of lithium-around Qi Cheng.

Lithium resources in China as a big country, proven reserves and mineral resources of lithium ranks second in the world, mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai Salt Lake in two places, which has basically proven Qinghai 21.08 million tons of lithium chloride,Laptop Battery rank first in the country, the country's total proven reserves of more than 90% of the world's reserves of lithium resources salt 1 / 3. Qinghai Salt Lake resources have large reserves of high grade features.

Although our country is rich in salt lake resources, but because the domestic lithium brine to mention the technology has not been given a substantive breakthrough, none of these resources to achieve a comprehensive and rational development of lithium carbonate production capacity is still available within the main ore of Lithium. At present, the domestic lithium battery is committed to the development of brine extraction company has CITIC Guoan (14.51,0.00,0.00%), Tibet Mining (22.09,0.00,0.00%), Salt Lake Potash (51.26,0.00,0.00%), Salt Lake Group (22.78,0.00,0.00%), etc., at this stage can only be extracted directly from a brine industrial-grade lithium carbonate, but can not directly extract the battery grade lithium carbonate to form the actual output is also smaller.

 

Mr. Wei did not consider themselves the best face, and November 26 this year, Fujitsu Laptop Battery early in the morning he was driving the old retro Poussin at Weihai in the last elevated sudden flameout thing.
　　

Owner Mr. Wei tale: Zheliang Poussin's car in 1994, when I have been with two owners before I bought late last year and became its third round of the owner of the vehicle mileage 90,000 kilometers (this odometer shows only the data, even if taken seriously). Hand after the car conducted a IBM thinkpad r52 battery  Thinkpad x22 batterycomprehensive physical examination, the situation in general can be. It is not clear this car turn off the problem in the end what went wrong?
　　

　　
AutomotivePlant Technician: After testing, this carSantanaThe car battery is broken. Car using a carburetorGasolineEngine, manual gears, the general method of using carts can start the engine, if the car is still not running, the battery may have expired.
　　

Battery can work, in general, owners can self-test. First check the battery externally. Fujitsu Laptop Battery
Fujitsu FPCBP80 Battery, Fujitsu FPCBP77 Battery, Fujitsu FPCBP68 Battery, Shell should be no large cracks, no leakage. Spillover will lead to low liquid electrolyte, resulting in reduced battery capacity. The surface should be clean, positive lead (FireWire) should be insulated well, or will cause self-discharge phenomenon. There should be no loose joints, grounding should be solid, otherwise the output impedance will be increased, reduce the output power. Next, open the headlights to be checked. Bai Liang, such as lights, this indicates that the battery normal; if dark red lights, then lack of electricity. Connected to starter, if theSpeedNormal, although slightly dimmed lights, but there is still enough light, then the battery a good charge than the foot; if the starter seems weak, and the lights become very dark, indicating the battery over-discharge, should be immediately charged. Thinkpad x24 battery  ThinkPad G41 battery 
　　

A battery life in a year and a half to two years. Car repair workshop for battery time to 15 to 20 minutes, Fujitsu FPCBP80 Battery, take a hours. Hiromoto 45 yuan / man-hours; Santana 30 yuan / man-hours.DomesticBattery price of around 400 yuan, 1,000 yuan price of imported batteries.
　　

Methods to extend the life of
　　

Battery life is generally 1 to 2 years or so, if properly maintained, have some right way, battery life can be extended.
　　

Regular checks whether the ventilation hole battery cover. If the holes were blocked, resulting in the row is not out of gas, electrolyte battery case would literally burst when inflated, thus reducing battery life.
　　

Do not give cars to replace a large capacity battery than the original battery, because the car generator generating capacity is fixed. As for the high capacity battery, the new battery will charge less than electricity, cars can not be a smooth start, but battery power will shorten the life of the long-term deficit.
　　

Batteries do not long, it will slowly self-discharge, before being scrapped. Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}  IBM ThinkPad T43 Battery  IBM ThinkPad X40 Battery 
Fujitsu FPCBP80 Battery, Fujitsu FPCBP77 Battery, Fujitsu FPCBP68 Battery, Therefore, the intervals should be to start a car, to recharge the battery. Must take charge when the battery cover screw, we can not use open flame near the battery is charging mouth, because the charging when the battery is easy to hydrogen generated within the deflagration.

Show organizers according to exhibitors and professional buyers, individual needs of implementation of "one to one" service, Kung urged lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, super capacitors, electric vehicles, UPS power supply, optical storage and other new field of energy procurement at home and abroad by visiting the exposition, in-depth mining sector resources to achieve an effective docking business. Taiwan Battery Association, the Shanghai Electric Vehicle Industry Association, Anhui Electric Vehicle Industry Association, Changzhou electric vehicle industry associations, Zhejiang bicycle industry associations, institutions such as Shanghai Electronic IBM 08K8198 Battery Chamber of Commerce is also supported by the current exhibition, organized delegations to visit the procurement.

During the fair, standards and certification for domestic and international battery, lithium battery technology development trends, the financial crisis corporate marketing strategy, the future of automotive fuel cell engine development trend of power battery manufacturing systems, batteries and other key factor in product innovation and industry concerns topic, the organizers carefully planned multi-site seminars and lectures for the same period in 2010, organized by battery technology innovation in China (Shanghai) Forum, "China's father of lithium," Professor Chen Liquan, etc. will more than 500 members of the industry elite gathered together to explore the Chinese batteries, super - capacitor innovation theme. With the Shanghai World Expo will be held adjacent to the opportunity, IBM 08K8197 Battery the Second Shanghai Expo will be upgrading the battery market, brand image, expand sales channels of goods to attract domestic and foreign investment and enhance market confidence, the new engine.

 

battery charging

"Battery is not bad but the charge with the bad", this is simply not an alarmist, battery charger on the battery life good or bad performance, and the use of performance play a decisive role, we must attach importance to.

1, battery charging process on the requirements of IBM ThinkPad T41 Battery

Understanding of battery charging process on the basic requirement is to analyze the basis for charging technology. Dell Latitude C600 Battery, Battery on the charge of the basic requirements are: the charge current should be less than or equal to the battery charge current can receive. Otherwise, the excess of current liquid too quickly cause electrolysis of water consumed to produce the following hazards: increased battery water loss rate, increase the maintenance workload for the maintenance-free batteries,Dell Latitude C600 Battery, Dell Latitude C610 Battery, Dell Latitude C640 Battery, Dell 1691P Battery, can cause early battery failure; produce mist, resulting in environmental pollution, health hazards to workers health; to reduce the charging efficiency, resulting in a serious waste of energy.
Charging process is the reverse electrochemical reaction discharge reaction process, if the rechargeable electrochemical reaction process carried out in an ideal state, this process should be mutually reverse reaction, that is filled into the electricity and the release of electricity should be almost equal. However, in a serious analysis of gas state, the effective charging energy consumed in the electrochemical reaction process not reach 40% of the total electricity consumption, that is a waste of electricity over 60%.

Gases within the porous electrode gathered in the batteries, reducing the electrolyte and porous electrode contact area, that is, charging the electrochemical reaction interface is drastically reduced, so that chemical reaction speed reduced charge, the charge is very difficult to extend the charging time.Gassing serious damage batteries: IBM ThinkPad R60 Battery  IBM ThinkPad T60 Battery
① a large number of gases to the electrode active materials are scouring effect, so that active substances that can loose and shedding.

② In the high polarization voltage, the positive plate grid will produce severe corrosion, generate Pb02, the corrosion and electrochemical survival Pb02 is completely different, which is not reversible oxide, conductive poor, enable grid deformation, embrittlement, loss of the role of skeleton and conductivity.Dell Latitude C610 Battery, Therefore, in the charge should be possible to prevent the overcharge.

Less than the long-term charge, no reaction of active substances leads to irreversible high-positive large particles PbS04 grain (ie, irreversible sulfate) to enable the battery capacity decline in resistance increase, charging more difficult, resulting in early damage to batteries. Therefore, as far as possible to ensure adequate battery power, to prevent irreversible sulfation.

2, charging the choice of frequency

Battery charge cycle life on the great influence on the depth of the basic exponential change. This is because the positive active material for Pb02, the combination of fastness is not high, discharge into PbS04, charging Shiyou into Pb02, andThe volume ratio of about 2:1. Therefore, positive plate, the active material expands and contracts will be repeated so that the connection between particles gradually fall off, so that loss of battery discharge characteristics of active materials as "anode mud" so that battery performance degradation until the end of life. The deeper depth of discharge,Dell Latitude C600 Battery, Dell Latitude C610 Battery, Dell Latitude C640 Battery, Dell 1691P Battery, expansion contraction the greater the damage to the active material binding the larger the shorter life expectancy; and vice versa the longer cycle life. Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} IBM thinkpad t41p battery  IBM THINKPAD T42 Battery 

In theory, should try to avoid the use of deep battery discharge, should be placed shallow ground charge, provided there is a special match matching charger. But the actual use, due to battery charging performance and battery by the charger and charge their own habits and discrete charging speed of impact than those in the higher voltage charger, charging more or less existed. In particular, charge mostly in the night time is generally 6-10 hours, an average of 8 hours or so, if the shallow discharge, the charging will soon reach the end of charge efficiency changed when low, will have been charging. Over relatively long charging time, coupled with frequent charging, battery life would make a greater impact due to charge being.
Optimal charging request according to the actual circumstances, to refer to normal operating frequency, mileage situation, Dell Latitude C640 Battery, the instructions provided storage battery factory, as well as supporting the development charge charger performance parameters such as frequency. According to the vast majority of the user's situation, battery to discharge a depth of 50% -70% of the best to recharge a battery so that battery life can achieve the best results. When converted into the actual use of riding mileage on one charge when needed.

3, the impact of temperature on the charge

Battery is running in the hot season, the main problem existed charge. Dell Inspiron 9200 AC Adapter   Dell Inspiron 9300 AC Adapter Battery when the temperature increased, the activity of all active substances increase in oxygen evolution potential of a decline in positive and negative oxygen evolution potential is also reduced (negative down), so charging charging reaction speed, charge current, charge needed to charge voltage is low. In order to prevent excessive charge voltage, battery temperature should be reduced to ensure good heat dissipation, to prevent sun exposure after charging, and should be away from heat.

Battery at low temperatures, the various active substances to reduce the activity of its dissolution on the electrode becomes difficult, charging hard to be replenished after depletion, the charge current significantly decreased, when the positive plate at -20 ℃ charge acceptance of current is only at room temperature for 70%, while the negative effects of charging by the expansive agent, low-temperature charge acceptance of a lower, -20 ℃ to accept the charging current of only 40% at room temperature. Therefore, the main charge under the conditions of existence of low-temperature charge acceptance ability is poor, Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Dell Inspiron 630m AC Adapter  Dell Inspiron 6400 AC Adapter  ,charging the problem of insufficient, calling for improvements to extend the charging voltage and charging time. To improve the low temperature performance of the main set should be negative. Antifreeze should be taken to use low-temperature thermal insulation measures, in particular charge should be placed in a warm environment,Dell 1691P Battery, conducive to ensure adequate electricity, to prevent the irreversible production of sulfuric acid to extend battery life.

During the storage and use of batteries can be activated periodically charging the so-called equalizing charge, which is irreversible sulfate to prevent the battery is very good for battery life is very good, worth advocating.